from __future__ import annotations

import functools
import itertools
import re
import threading

from abc import ABC
from abc import abstractmethod
from collections import defaultdict
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
from typing import Any
from typing import ClassVar
from typing import Generic
from typing import TypeVar
from typing import Union

from packaging.utils import canonicalize_name

from poetry.core.constraints.generic import BaseConstraint
from poetry.core.constraints.generic import Constraint
from poetry.core.constraints.generic import MultiConstraint
from poetry.core.constraints.generic import UnionConstraint
from poetry.core.constraints.generic.parser import STR_CMP_CONSTRAINT
from poetry.core.constraints.version import VersionConstraint
from poetry.core.constraints.version import VersionRange
from poetry.core.constraints.version import VersionUnion
from poetry.core.constraints.version.exceptions import ParseConstraintError
from poetry.core.version.grammars import GRAMMAR_PEP_508_MARKERS
from poetry.core.version.parser import Parser


if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from collections.abc import Callable
    from collections.abc import Iterable
    from collections.abc import Iterator
    from collections.abc import Mapping
    from collections.abc import Sequence

    from lark import Tree


class InvalidMarkerError(ValueError):
    """
    An invalid marker was found, users should refer to PEP 508.
    """


class UndefinedComparisonError(ValueError):
    """
    An invalid operation was attempted on a value that doesn't support it.
    """


class UndefinedEnvironmentNameError(ValueError):
    """
    A name was attempted to be used that does not exist inside of the
    environment.
    """


ALIASES = {
    "os.name": "os_name",
    "sys.platform": "sys_platform",
    "platform.version": "platform_version",
    "platform.machine": "platform_machine",
    "platform.python_implementation": "platform_python_implementation",
    "python_implementation": "platform_python_implementation",
}

PYTHON_VERSION_MARKERS = {"python_version", "python_full_version"}

# Parser: PEP 508 Environment Markers
_parser = Parser(GRAMMAR_PEP_508_MARKERS, "lalr")


class BaseMarker(ABC):
    @property
    def complexity(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
        """
        first element: number of single markers, where SingleMarkerLike count as
                       actual number
        second element: number of single markers, where SingleMarkerLike count as 1
        """
        return 1, 1

    @abstractmethod
    def intersect(self, other: BaseMarker) -> BaseMarker:
        raise NotImplementedError

    @abstractmethod
    def union(self, other: BaseMarker) -> BaseMarker:
        raise NotImplementedError

    def is_any(self) -> bool:
        return False

    def is_empty(self) -> bool:
        return False

    @abstractmethod
    def validate(self, environment: Mapping[str, Any] | None) -> bool:
        raise NotImplementedError

    @abstractmethod
    def without_extras(self) -> BaseMarker:
        raise NotImplementedError

    @abstractmethod
    def exclude(self, marker_name: str) -> BaseMarker:
        raise NotImplementedError

    @abstractmethod
    def only(self, *marker_names: str) -> BaseMarker:
        raise NotImplementedError

    @abstractmethod
    def reduce_by_python_constraint(
        self, python_constraint: VersionConstraint
    ) -> BaseMarker:
        raise NotImplementedError

    @abstractmethod
    def invert(self) -> BaseMarker:
        raise NotImplementedError

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self}>"

    @abstractmethod
    def __hash__(self) -> int:
        raise NotImplementedError

    @abstractmethod
    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
        raise NotImplementedError


class AnyMarker(BaseMarker):
    def intersect(self, other: BaseMarker) -> BaseMarker:
        return other

    def union(self, other: BaseMarker) -> BaseMarker:
        return self

    def is_any(self) -> bool:
        return True

    def validate(self, environment: Mapping[str, Any] | None) -> bool:
        return True

    def without_extras(self) -> BaseMarker:
        return self

    def exclude(self, marker_name: str) -> BaseMarker:
        return self

    def only(self, *marker_names: str) -> BaseMarker:
        return self

    def reduce_by_python_constraint(
        self, python_constraint: VersionConstraint
    ) -> BaseMarker:
        return self

    def invert(self) -> EmptyMarker:
        return EmptyMarker()

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return ""

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return "<AnyMarker>"

    def __hash__(self) -> int:
        return hash("any")

    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
        if not isinstance(other, BaseMarker):
            return NotImplemented

        return isinstance(other, AnyMarker)


class EmptyMarker(BaseMarker):
    def intersect(self, other: BaseMarker) -> BaseMarker:
        return self

    def union(self, other: BaseMarker) -> BaseMarker:
        return other

    def is_empty(self) -> bool:
        return True

    def validate(self, environment: Mapping[str, Any] | None) -> bool:
        return False

    def without_extras(self) -> BaseMarker:
        return self

    def exclude(self, marker_name: str) -> EmptyMarker:
        return self

    def only(self, *marker_names: str) -> BaseMarker:
        return self

    def reduce_by_python_constraint(
        self, python_constraint: VersionConstraint
    ) -> BaseMarker:
        return self

    def invert(self) -> AnyMarker:
        return AnyMarker()

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return "<empty>"

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return "<EmptyMarker>"

    def __hash__(self) -> int:
        return hash("empty")

    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
        if not isinstance(other, BaseMarker):
            return NotImplemented

        return isinstance(other, EmptyMarker)


SingleMarkerConstraint = TypeVar(
    "SingleMarkerConstraint", bound=Union[BaseConstraint, VersionConstraint]
)


class SingleMarkerLike(BaseMarker, ABC, Generic[SingleMarkerConstraint]):
    def __init__(self, name: str, constraint: SingleMarkerConstraint) -> None:
        from poetry.core.constraints.generic import (
            parse_constraint as parse_generic_constraint,
        )
        from poetry.core.constraints.generic import parse_extra_constraint
        from poetry.core.constraints.version import parse_marker_version_constraint

        self._name = ALIASES.get(name, name)
        self._constraint = constraint
        self._parser: Callable[[str], BaseConstraint | VersionConstraint]
        if isinstance(constraint, VersionConstraint):
            self._parser = functools.partial(
                parse_marker_version_constraint, pep440=name != "platform_release"
            )
        elif name == "extra":
            self._parser = parse_extra_constraint
        else:
            self._parser = parse_generic_constraint

    @property
    def name(self) -> str:
        return self._name

    @property
    def constraint(self) -> SingleMarkerConstraint:
        return self._constraint

    @property
    def _key(self) -> tuple[object, ...]:
        return self._name, self._constraint

    def validate(self, environment: Mapping[str, Any] | None) -> bool:
        if environment is None:
            return True

        if self._name not in environment:
            return True

        # "extra" is special because it can have multiple values at the same time.
        # "extra == 'a'" will be true if "a" is one of the active extras.
        # "extra != 'a'" will be true if "a" is not one of the active extras.
        # Further, extra names are normalized for comparison.
        if self._name == "extra":
            extras = environment["extra"]
            if isinstance(extras, str):
                extras = {extras}
            extras = {canonicalize_name(extra) for extra in extras}
            assert isinstance(self._constraint, Constraint)
            normalized_value = canonicalize_name(self._constraint.value)
            if self._constraint.operator == "==":
                return normalized_value in extras
            assert self._constraint.operator == "!="
            return normalized_value not in extras

        # The type of constraint returned by the parser matches our constraint: either
        # both are BaseConstraint or both are VersionConstraint. But it's hard for mypy
        # to know that.
        constraint = self._parser(environment[self._name])
        return self._constraint.allows(constraint)  # type: ignore[arg-type]

    def without_extras(self) -> BaseMarker:
        return self.exclude("extra")

    def exclude(self, marker_name: str) -> BaseMarker:
        if self.name == marker_name:
            return AnyMarker()

        return self

    def only(self, *marker_names: str) -> BaseMarker:
        if self.name not in marker_names:
            return AnyMarker()

        return self

    def reduce_by_python_constraint(
        self, python_constraint: VersionConstraint
    ) -> BaseMarker:
        return self

    def intersect(self, other: BaseMarker) -> BaseMarker:
        if isinstance(other, SingleMarkerLike):
            merged = _merge_single_markers(self, other, MultiMarker)
            if merged is not None:
                return merged

            return MultiMarker(self, other)

        return other.intersect(self)

    def union(self, other: BaseMarker) -> BaseMarker:
        if isinstance(other, SingleMarkerLike):
            merged = _merge_single_markers(self, other, MarkerUnion)
            if merged is not None:
                return merged

            return MarkerUnion(self, other)

        return other.union(self)

    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
        if not isinstance(other, SingleMarkerLike):
            return NotImplemented

        return self._key == other._key

    def __hash__(self) -> int:
        return hash(self._key)


class SingleMarker(SingleMarkerLike[Union[BaseConstraint, VersionConstraint]]):
    _CONSTRAINT_RE_PATTERN_1 = re.compile(
        r"(?i)^(?P<op>~=|!=|>=?|<=?|==?=?|not in |in )?\s*(?P<value>.+)$"
    )
    _CONSTRAINT_RE_PATTERN_2 = STR_CMP_CONSTRAINT

    VALUE_SEPARATOR_RE = re.compile("[ ,|]+")
    _VERSION_LIKE_MARKER_NAME: ClassVar[set[str]] = {
        "python_version",
        "python_full_version",
        "platform_release",
    }

    def __init__(
        self,
        name: str,
        constraint: str | BaseConstraint | VersionConstraint,
        swapped_name_value: bool = False,
    ) -> None:
        from poetry.core.constraints.generic import (
            parse_constraint as parse_generic_constraint,
        )
        from poetry.core.constraints.generic import parse_extra_constraint
        from poetry.core.constraints.version import parse_marker_version_constraint

        parsed_constraint: BaseConstraint | VersionConstraint
        parser: Callable[[str], BaseConstraint | VersionConstraint]
        original_constraint_string = constraint_string = str(constraint)
        self._swapped_name_value: bool = swapped_name_value

        if swapped_name_value:
            pattern = self._CONSTRAINT_RE_PATTERN_2
        else:
            pattern = self._CONSTRAINT_RE_PATTERN_1

        m = pattern.match(constraint_string)
        if m is None:
            raise InvalidMarkerError(
                f"Invalid marker for '{name}': {constraint_string}"
            )

        self._operator = (m.group("op") or "==").strip()
        self._value = m.group("value")
        parser = parse_extra_constraint if name == "extra" else parse_generic_constraint

        if swapped_name_value and name not in PYTHON_VERSION_MARKERS:
            # Something like `"tegra" in platform_release`
            # or `"arm" not in platform_version`.
            pass
        elif name in self._VERSION_LIKE_MARKER_NAME:
            parser = functools.partial(
                parse_marker_version_constraint, pep440=name != "platform_release"
            )

            if self._operator in {"in", "not in"}:
                versions = []
                for v in self.VALUE_SEPARATOR_RE.split(self._value):
                    split = v.split(".")
                    if len(split) in (1, 2):
                        split.append("*")
                        op = "" if self._operator == "in" else "!="
                    else:
                        op = "==" if self._operator == "in" else "!="

                    versions.append(op + ".".join(split))

                glue = ", "
                if self._operator == "in":
                    glue = " || "

                constraint_string = glue.join(versions)
            elif name == "python_full_version" and not swapped_name_value:
                # fix precision of python_full_version marker
                precision = self._value.count(".") + 1
                if precision < 3:
                    suffix = ".0" * (3 - precision)
                    self._value += suffix
                    constraint_string += suffix
        else:
            # if we have a in/not in operator we split the constraint
            # into a union/multi-constraint of single constraint
            if self._operator in {"in", "not in"}:
                op, glue = ("==", " || ") if self._operator == "in" else ("!=", ", ")
                values = self.VALUE_SEPARATOR_RE.split(self._value)
                constraint_string = glue.join(f"{op} {value}" for value in values)

        try:
            parsed_constraint = parser(constraint_string)
        except ParseConstraintError as e:
            raise InvalidMarkerError(
                f"Invalid marker for '{name}': {original_constraint_string}"
            ) from e

        super().__init__(name, parsed_constraint)

    @property
    def operator(self) -> str:
        return self._operator

    @property
    def value(self) -> str:
        return self._value

    @property
    def _key(self) -> tuple[object, ...]:
        return self._name, self._operator, self._value

    def reduce_by_python_constraint(
        self, python_constraint: VersionConstraint
    ) -> BaseMarker:
        if self.name in PYTHON_VERSION_MARKERS:
            from poetry.core.packages.utils.utils import create_nested_marker
            from poetry.core.packages.utils.utils import (
                get_python_constraint_from_marker,
            )

            assert isinstance(self._constraint, VersionConstraint)
            constraint = get_python_constraint_from_marker(self)
            if constraint.allows_all(python_constraint):
                return AnyMarker()
            elif not constraint.allows_any(python_constraint):
                return EmptyMarker()

            python_marker = parse_marker(
                create_nested_marker("python_version", python_constraint)
            )
            intersection = self.intersect(python_marker)
            if isinstance(intersection, SingleMarker):
                return intersection

        return self

    def invert(self) -> BaseMarker:
        if self._operator in ("===", "=="):
            operator = "!="
        elif self._operator == "!=":
            operator = "=="
        elif self._operator == ">":
            operator = "<="
        elif self._operator == ">=":
            operator = "<"
        elif self._operator == "<":
            operator = ">="
        elif self._operator == "<=":
            operator = ">"
        elif self._operator == "in":
            operator = "not in"
        elif self._operator == "not in":
            operator = "in"
        elif self._operator == "~=":
            # This one is more tricky to handle
            # since it's technically a multi marker
            # so the inverse will be a union of inverse
            from poetry.core.constraints.version import VersionRangeConstraint

            if not isinstance(self._constraint, VersionRangeConstraint):
                # The constraint must be a version range, otherwise
                # it's an internal error
                raise RuntimeError(
                    "The '~=' operator should only represent version ranges"
                )

            min_ = self._constraint.min
            min_operator = ">=" if self._constraint.include_min else ">"
            max_ = self._constraint.max
            max_operator = "<=" if self._constraint.include_max else "<"

            return MultiMarker(
                SingleMarker(self._name, f"{min_operator} {min_}"),
                SingleMarker(self._name, f"{max_operator} {max_}"),
            ).invert()
        else:
            # We should never go there
            raise RuntimeError(f"Invalid marker operator '{self._operator}'")

        if self._swapped_name_value:
            constraint = f'"{self._value}" {operator} {self._name}'
        else:
            constraint = f'{self._name} {operator} "{self._value}"'
        return parse_marker(constraint)

    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
        if not isinstance(other, SingleMarker):
            return NotImplemented

        return self._key == other._key

    def __hash__(self) -> int:
        return hash(self._key)

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        if self._swapped_name_value:
            return f'"{self._value}" {self._operator} {self._name}'
        return f'{self._name} {self._operator} "{self._value}"'


class AtomicMultiMarker(SingleMarkerLike[MultiConstraint]):
    def __init__(self, name: str, constraint: MultiConstraint) -> None:
        assert all(
            c.operator in ({"==", "!="} if name == "extra" else {"!="})
            for c in constraint.constraints
        )
        super().__init__(name, constraint)

    @property
    def complexity(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
        return len(self._constraint.constraints), 1

    def validate(self, environment: Mapping[str, Any] | None) -> bool:
        if self._name == "extra":
            return self.expand().validate(environment)
        return super().validate(environment)

    def invert(self) -> BaseMarker:
        return AtomicMarkerUnion(self._name, self._constraint.invert())

    def expand(self) -> MultiMarker:
        return MultiMarker(
            *(SingleMarker(self._name, c) for c in self._constraint.constraints)
        )

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return " and ".join(
            f'{self._name} {c.operator} "{c.value}"'
            for c in self._constraint.constraints
        )


class AtomicMarkerUnion(SingleMarkerLike[UnionConstraint]):
    def __init__(self, name: str, constraint: UnionConstraint) -> None:
        assert all(
            isinstance(c, Constraint)
            and c.operator in ({"==", "!="} if name == "extra" else {"=="})
            for c in constraint.constraints
        )
        super().__init__(name, constraint)

    @property
    def complexity(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
        return len(self._constraint.constraints), 1

    def validate(self, environment: Mapping[str, Any] | None) -> bool:
        if self._name == "extra":
            return self.expand().validate(environment)
        return super().validate(environment)

    def invert(self) -> BaseMarker:
        return AtomicMultiMarker(self._name, self._constraint.invert())

    def expand(self) -> MarkerUnion:
        return MarkerUnion(
            *(SingleMarker(self._name, c) for c in self._constraint.constraints)
        )

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        # In __init__ we've made sure that we have a UnionConstraint that
        # contains only elements of type Constraint (instead of BaseConstraint)
        # but mypy can't see that.
        return " or ".join(
            f'{self._name} {c.operator} "{c.value}"'  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
            for c in self._constraint.constraints
        )


def _flatten_markers(
    markers: Iterable[BaseMarker],
    flatten_class: type[MarkerUnion | MultiMarker],
) -> list[BaseMarker]:
    flattened = []

    for marker in markers:
        if isinstance(marker, flatten_class):
            for _marker in _flatten_markers(
                marker.markers,  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
                flatten_class,
            ):
                if _marker not in flattened:
                    flattened.append(_marker)

        elif marker not in flattened:
            flattened.append(marker)

    return flattened


class MultiMarker(BaseMarker):
    def __init__(self, *markers: BaseMarker) -> None:
        self._markers = tuple(_flatten_markers(markers, MultiMarker))

    @property
    def markers(self) -> tuple[BaseMarker, ...]:
        return self._markers

    @property
    def complexity(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
        return tuple(sum(c) for c in zip(*(m.complexity for m in self._markers)))

    @classmethod
    def of(cls, *markers: BaseMarker) -> BaseMarker:
        new_markers = _flatten_markers(markers, MultiMarker)
        old_markers: list[BaseMarker] = []

        while old_markers != new_markers:
            old_markers = new_markers
            new_markers = []
            for marker in old_markers:
                if marker in new_markers:
                    continue

                if marker.is_any():
                    continue

                intersected = False
                for i, mark in enumerate(new_markers):
                    # If we have a MarkerUnion then we can look for the simplifications
                    # implemented in intersect_simplify().
                    intersection: BaseMarker | None = None
                    is_one_union = False
                    if isinstance(mark, MarkerUnion):
                        is_one_union = True
                        intersection = mark.intersect_simplify(marker)
                    elif isinstance(marker, MarkerUnion):
                        is_one_union = True
                        intersection = marker.intersect_simplify(mark)
                    if intersection is not None:
                        new_markers[i] = intersection
                        intersected = True
                        break

                    # If we have a SingleMarker then with any luck after intersection
                    # it'll become another SingleMarker.
                    if not is_one_union and isinstance(mark, SingleMarkerLike):
                        new_marker = mark.intersect(marker)
                        if new_marker.is_empty():
                            return EmptyMarker()

                        if isinstance(new_marker, SingleMarkerLike):
                            new_markers[i] = new_marker
                            intersected = True
                            break

                if intersected:
                    # flatten again because intersect_simplify may return a multi
                    new_markers = _flatten_markers(new_markers, MultiMarker)
                    continue

                new_markers.append(marker)

        if any(m.is_empty() for m in new_markers):
            return EmptyMarker()

        if not new_markers:
            return AnyMarker()

        if len(new_markers) == 1:
            return new_markers[0]

        return MultiMarker(*new_markers)

    def intersect(self, other: BaseMarker) -> BaseMarker:
        return intersection(self, other)

    def union(self, other: BaseMarker) -> BaseMarker:
        return union(self, other)

    def union_simplify(self, other: BaseMarker) -> BaseMarker | None:
        """
        Finds a couple of easy simplifications for union on MultiMarkers:

            - union with any marker that appears as part of the multi is just that
              marker

            - union between two multimarkers where one is contained by the other is just
              the larger of the two

            - union between two multimarkers where there are some common markers
              and the union of unique markers is a single marker
        """
        from poetry.core.packages.utils.utils import get_python_constraint_from_marker

        if other in self._markers:
            return other

        if isinstance(other, SingleMarker) and other.name in PYTHON_VERSION_MARKERS:
            # Convert 'python_version >= "3.8" and sys_platform == "linux" or python_version > "3.6"'
            # to 'python_version > "3.6"'
            for m in self._markers:
                if isinstance(m, SingleMarker) and m.name in PYTHON_VERSION_MARKERS:
                    constraint = get_python_constraint_from_marker(m)
                    other_constraint = get_python_constraint_from_marker(other)
                    if other_constraint.allows_all(constraint):
                        return other

        if isinstance(other, MultiMarker):
            our_markers = set(self.markers)
            their_markers = set(other.markers)

            if our_markers.issubset(their_markers):
                return self

            if their_markers.issubset(our_markers):
                return other

            shared_markers = our_markers.intersection(their_markers)
            if not shared_markers:
                return None

            # Do not use sets to create MultiMarkers for deterministic order!
            unique_markers = [m for m in self.markers if m not in their_markers]
            other_unique_markers = [m for m in other.markers if m not in our_markers]
            unique_union = MultiMarker(*unique_markers).union(
                MultiMarker(*other_unique_markers)
            )
            if isinstance(unique_union, (SingleMarkerLike, AnyMarker)) or (
                # Convert 'python_version >= "3.8" and python_version < "3.10"
                # or python_version >= "3.10" and python_version < "3.12"'
                # to 'python_version >= "3.6" and python_version < "3.12"'
                isinstance(unique_union, MultiMarker)
                and unique_union.complexity <= (2, 2)
            ):
                common_markers = [
                    marker for marker in self.markers if marker in shared_markers
                ]
                return unique_union.intersect(MultiMarker(*common_markers))

        return None

    def validate(self, environment: Mapping[str, Any] | None) -> bool:
        return all(m.validate(environment) for m in self._markers)

    def without_extras(self) -> BaseMarker:
        return self.exclude("extra")

    def exclude(self, marker_name: str) -> BaseMarker:
        new_markers = []

        for m in self._markers:
            if isinstance(m, SingleMarkerLike) and m.name == marker_name:
                # The marker is not relevant since it must be excluded
                continue

            marker = m.exclude(marker_name)

            if not marker.is_empty():
                new_markers.append(marker)

        return intersection(*new_markers)

    def only(self, *marker_names: str) -> BaseMarker:
        return self.of(*(m.only(*marker_names) for m in self._markers))

    def reduce_by_python_constraint(
        self, python_constraint: VersionConstraint
    ) -> BaseMarker:
        return self.of(
            *(m.reduce_by_python_constraint(python_constraint) for m in self._markers)
        )

    def invert(self) -> BaseMarker:
        markers = [marker.invert() for marker in self._markers]

        return MarkerUnion(*markers)

    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
        if not isinstance(other, MultiMarker):
            return False

        return self._markers == other.markers

    def __hash__(self) -> int:
        return hash(("multi", *self._markers))

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        elements = []
        for m in self._markers:
            if isinstance(m, (SingleMarker, MultiMarker, AtomicMultiMarker)):
                elements.append(str(m))
            else:
                elements.append(f"({m})")

        return " and ".join(elements)


class MarkerUnion(BaseMarker):
    def __init__(self, *markers: BaseMarker) -> None:
        self._markers = tuple(_flatten_markers(markers, MarkerUnion))

    @property
    def markers(self) -> tuple[BaseMarker, ...]:
        return self._markers

    @property
    def complexity(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
        return tuple(sum(c) for c in zip(*(m.complexity for m in self._markers)))

    @classmethod
    def of(cls, *markers: BaseMarker) -> BaseMarker:
        new_markers = _flatten_markers(markers, MarkerUnion)
        old_markers: list[BaseMarker] = []

        while old_markers != new_markers:
            old_markers = new_markers
            new_markers = []
            for marker in old_markers:
                if marker in new_markers:
                    continue

                if marker.is_empty():
                    continue

                included = False
                for i, mark in enumerate(new_markers):
                    # If we have a MultiMarker then we can look for the simplifications
                    # implemented in union_simplify().
                    union_: BaseMarker | None = None
                    is_one_multi = False
                    if isinstance(mark, MultiMarker):
                        is_one_multi = True
                        union_ = mark.union_simplify(marker)
                    elif isinstance(marker, MultiMarker):
                        is_one_multi = True
                        union_ = marker.union_simplify(mark)
                    if union_ is not None:
                        new_markers[i] = union_
                        included = True
                        break

                    # If we have a SingleMarker then with any luck after union it'll
                    # become another SingleMarker.
                    # Especially, for `python_version` markers a multi marker is also
                    # an improvement. E.g. the union of 'python_version == "3.6"' and
                    # 'python_version == "3.7" or python_version == "3.8"' is
                    # 'python_version >= "3.6" and python_version < "3.9"'.
                    if not is_one_multi and isinstance(mark, SingleMarkerLike):
                        new_marker = mark.union(marker)
                        if new_marker.is_any():
                            return AnyMarker()

                        if isinstance(new_marker, SingleMarkerLike) or (
                            isinstance(new_marker, MultiMarker)
                            and new_marker.complexity <= (2, 2)
                        ):
                            new_markers[i] = new_marker
                            included = True
                            break

                if included:
                    # flatten again because union_simplify may return a union
                    new_markers = _flatten_markers(new_markers, MarkerUnion)
                    continue

                new_markers.append(marker)

        if any(m.is_any() for m in new_markers):
            return AnyMarker()

        if not new_markers:
            return EmptyMarker()

        if len(new_markers) == 1:
            return new_markers[0]

        return MarkerUnion(*new_markers)

    def intersect(self, other: BaseMarker) -> BaseMarker:
        return intersection(self, other)

    def union(self, other: BaseMarker) -> BaseMarker:
        return union(self, other)

    def intersect_simplify(self, other: BaseMarker) -> BaseMarker | None:
        """
        Finds a couple of easy simplifications for intersection on MarkerUnions:

            - intersection with any marker that appears as part of the union is just
              that marker

            - intersection between two markerunions where one is contained by the other
              is just the smaller of the two

            - intersection between two markerunions where there are some common markers
              and the intersection of unique markers is not a single marker
        """
        from poetry.core.packages.utils.utils import get_python_constraint_from_marker

        if other in self._markers:
            return other

        if isinstance(other, SingleMarker) and other.name in PYTHON_VERSION_MARKERS:
            # Convert '(python_version >= "3.6" or sys_platform == "linux") and python_version > "3.8"'
            # to 'python_version > "3.8"'
            for m in self._markers:
                if isinstance(m, SingleMarker) and m.name in PYTHON_VERSION_MARKERS:
                    constraint = get_python_constraint_from_marker(m)
                    other_constraint = get_python_constraint_from_marker(other)
                    if constraint.allows_all(other_constraint):
                        return other

        if isinstance(other, MarkerUnion):
            our_markers = set(self.markers)
            their_markers = set(other.markers)

            if our_markers.issubset(their_markers):
                return self

            if their_markers.issubset(our_markers):
                return other

            shared_markers = our_markers.intersection(their_markers)
            if not shared_markers:
                return None

            # Do not use sets to create MarkerUnions for deterministic order!
            unique_markers = [m for m in self.markers if m not in their_markers]
            other_unique_markers = [m for m in other.markers if m not in our_markers]
            unique_intersection = MarkerUnion(*unique_markers).intersect(
                MarkerUnion(*other_unique_markers)
            )
            if isinstance(unique_intersection, (SingleMarkerLike, EmptyMarker)) or (
                # Convert '(python_version == "3.6" or python_version >= "3.8)"
                # and (python_version >= "3.6" and python_version < "3.8"
                # or python_version == "3.9")'
                # to 'python_version == "3.6" or python_version == "3.9"'
                isinstance(unique_intersection, MarkerUnion)
                and unique_intersection.complexity <= (2, 2)
            ):
                common_markers = [
                    marker for marker in self.markers if marker in shared_markers
                ]
                return unique_intersection.union(MarkerUnion(*common_markers))

        return None

    def validate(self, environment: Mapping[str, Any] | None) -> bool:
        return any(m.validate(environment) for m in self._markers)

    def without_extras(self) -> BaseMarker:
        return self.exclude("extra")

    def exclude(self, marker_name: str) -> BaseMarker:
        new_markers = []

        for m in self._markers:
            if isinstance(m, SingleMarkerLike) and m.name == marker_name:
                # The marker is not relevant since it must be excluded
                continue

            marker = m.exclude(marker_name)
            new_markers.append(marker)

        if not new_markers:
            # All markers were the excluded marker.
            return AnyMarker()

        return union(*new_markers)

    def only(self, *marker_names: str) -> BaseMarker:
        return self.of(*(m.only(*marker_names) for m in self._markers))

    def reduce_by_python_constraint(
        self, python_constraint: VersionConstraint
    ) -> BaseMarker:
        from poetry.core.packages.utils.utils import get_python_constraint_from_marker

        markers: Iterable[BaseMarker] = self._markers
        if isinstance(python_constraint, (VersionRange, VersionUnion)):
            python_only_markers = []
            other_markers = []
            for m in self._markers:
                if m == m.only(*PYTHON_VERSION_MARKERS):
                    python_only_markers.append(m)
                else:
                    other_markers.append(m)
            if get_python_constraint_from_marker(
                self.of(*python_only_markers)
            ).allows_all(python_constraint):
                return AnyMarker()

        return self.of(
            *(m.reduce_by_python_constraint(python_constraint) for m in markers)
        )

    def invert(self) -> BaseMarker:
        markers = [marker.invert() for marker in self._markers]
        return MultiMarker(*markers)

    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
        if not isinstance(other, MarkerUnion):
            return False

        return self._markers == other.markers

    def __hash__(self) -> int:
        return hash(("union", *self._markers))

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return " or ".join(str(m) for m in self._markers)


@functools.cache
def parse_marker(marker: str) -> BaseMarker:
    if marker == "<empty>":
        return EmptyMarker()

    if not marker or marker == "*":
        return AnyMarker()

    parsed = _parser.parse(marker)

    markers = _compact_markers(parsed.children)

    return markers


def _compact_markers(
    tree_elements: Tree, tree_prefix: str = "", top_level: bool = True
) -> BaseMarker:
    from lark import Token

    # groups is a disjunction of conjunctions
    # eg [[A, B], [C, D]] represents "(A and B) or (C and D)"
    groups: list[list[BaseMarker]] = [[]]

    for token in tree_elements:
        if isinstance(token, Token):
            if token.type == f"{tree_prefix}BOOL_OP" and token.value == "or":
                groups.append([])

            continue

        if token.data == "marker":
            sub_marker = _compact_markers(
                token.children, tree_prefix=tree_prefix, top_level=False
            )
            groups[-1].append(sub_marker)

        elif token.data == f"{tree_prefix}item":
            name, op, value = token.children
            swapped_name_value = value.type == f"{tree_prefix}MARKER_NAME"
            stringed_value = name.type in {
                f"{tree_prefix}ESCAPED_STRING",
                f"{tree_prefix}SINGLE_QUOTED_STRING",
            }
            if swapped_name_value:
                name, value = value, name

            value = value[1:-1]

            sub_marker = SingleMarker(
                str(name),
                f'"{value}" {op}' if stringed_value else f"{op} {value}",
                swapped_name_value=swapped_name_value,
            )
            groups[-1].append(sub_marker)

        elif token.data == f"{tree_prefix}BOOL_OP" and token.children[0] == "or":
            groups.append([])

    # Combine the groups.
    sub_markers = [
        group[0] if len(group) == 1 else MultiMarker(*group) for group in groups
    ]

    # This function calls itself recursively. In the inner calls we don't perform any
    # simplification, instead doing it all only when we have the complete marker.
    if not top_level:
        return MarkerUnion(*sub_markers)

    return union(*sub_markers)


@functools.cache
def cnf(marker: BaseMarker) -> BaseMarker:
    """Transforms the marker into CNF (conjunctive normal form)."""
    if isinstance(marker, MarkerUnion):
        cnf_markers = [cnf(m) for m in marker.markers]
        sub_marker_lists = [
            m.markers if isinstance(m, MultiMarker) else [m] for m in cnf_markers
        ]
        return MultiMarker.of(
            *[MarkerUnion.of(*c) for c in _unique_product(*sub_marker_lists)]
        )

    if isinstance(marker, MultiMarker):
        return MultiMarker.of(*[cnf(m) for m in marker.markers])

    return marker


@functools.cache
def dnf(marker: BaseMarker) -> BaseMarker:
    """Transforms the marker into DNF (disjunctive normal form)."""
    if isinstance(marker, MultiMarker):
        dnf_markers = [dnf(m) for m in marker.markers]
        sub_marker_lists = [
            m.markers if isinstance(m, MarkerUnion) else [m] for m in dnf_markers
        ]
        return MarkerUnion.of(
            *[MultiMarker.of(*c) for c in _unique_product(*sub_marker_lists)]
        )

    if isinstance(marker, MarkerUnion):
        return MarkerUnion.of(*[dnf(m) for m in marker.markers])

    return marker


def detect_recursion(func: Callable[..., BaseMarker]) -> Callable[..., BaseMarker]:
    """Decorator to detect recursions in `intersection` and `union` early."""
    func.call_args = defaultdict(list)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]

    def decorated(*markers: BaseMarker) -> BaseMarker:
        thread_id = threading.get_ident()
        call_args = func.call_args[thread_id]  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
        if markers in call_args:
            raise RecursionError
        call_args.append(markers)
        try:
            result = func(*markers)
        finally:
            call_args.pop()
        return result

    return decorated


@detect_recursion
def intersection(*markers: BaseMarker) -> BaseMarker:
    # Sometimes normalization makes it more complicated instead of simple
    # -> choose candidate with the least complexity
    unnormalized: BaseMarker = MultiMarker(*markers)
    while (
        isinstance(unnormalized, (MultiMarker, MarkerUnion))
        and len(unnormalized.markers) == 1
    ):
        unnormalized = unnormalized.markers[0]

    disjunction = dnf(unnormalized)
    if not isinstance(disjunction, MarkerUnion):
        return disjunction

    try:
        conjunction = cnf(disjunction)
        if not isinstance(conjunction, MultiMarker):
            return conjunction
    except RecursionError:
        candidates = [disjunction, unnormalized]
    else:
        candidates = [disjunction, conjunction, unnormalized]

    return min(*candidates, key=lambda x: x.complexity)


@detect_recursion
def union(*markers: BaseMarker) -> BaseMarker:
    # Sometimes normalization makes it more complicated instead of simple
    # -> choose candidate with the least complexity
    unnormalized: BaseMarker = MarkerUnion(*markers)
    while (
        isinstance(unnormalized, (MultiMarker, MarkerUnion))
        and len(unnormalized.markers) == 1
    ):
        unnormalized = unnormalized.markers[0]

    conjunction = cnf(unnormalized)
    if not isinstance(conjunction, MultiMarker):
        return conjunction

    try:
        disjunction = dnf(conjunction)
        if not isinstance(disjunction, MarkerUnion):
            return disjunction
    except RecursionError:
        candidates = [conjunction, unnormalized]
    else:
        candidates = [disjunction, conjunction, unnormalized]

    return min(*candidates, key=lambda x: x.complexity)


def _unique_product(
    *sub_marker_lists: Sequence[BaseMarker],
) -> Iterator[Sequence[BaseMarker]]:
    """
    Returns an itertools.product of the sub_marker_lists
    without duplicates (and equivalents) removed while maintaining order.
    """
    unique_sets = set()
    for sub_marker_list in itertools.product(*sub_marker_lists):
        sub_marker_set = frozenset(sub_marker_list)
        if sub_marker_set not in unique_sets:
            unique_sets.add(sub_marker_set)
            yield sub_marker_list


@functools.cache
def _merge_single_markers(
    marker1: SingleMarkerLike[SingleMarkerConstraint],
    marker2: SingleMarkerLike[SingleMarkerConstraint],
    merge_class: type[MultiMarker | MarkerUnion],
) -> BaseMarker | None:
    if {marker1.name, marker2.name} == PYTHON_VERSION_MARKERS:
        assert isinstance(marker1, SingleMarker)
        assert isinstance(marker2, SingleMarker)
        return _merge_python_version_single_markers(marker1, marker2, merge_class)

    if marker1.name != marker2.name:
        return None

    if merge_class == MultiMarker:
        merge_method = marker1.constraint.intersect
    else:
        merge_method = marker1.constraint.union
    # Markers with the same name have the same constraint type,
    # but mypy can't see that.
    result_constraint = merge_method(marker2.constraint)  # type: ignore[arg-type]

    result_marker: BaseMarker | None = None
    if result_constraint.is_empty():
        result_marker = EmptyMarker()
    elif result_constraint.is_any():
        result_marker = AnyMarker()
    elif result_constraint == marker1.constraint:
        result_marker = marker1
    elif result_constraint == marker2.constraint:
        result_marker = marker2
    elif isinstance(result_constraint, Constraint) or (
        isinstance(result_constraint, VersionConstraint)
        and result_constraint.is_simple()
    ):
        result_marker = SingleMarker(marker1.name, result_constraint)
    elif isinstance(result_constraint, UnionConstraint) and all(
        isinstance(c, Constraint)
        and c.operator in ({"==", "!="} if marker1.name == "extra" else {"=="})
        for c in result_constraint.constraints
    ):
        result_marker = AtomicMarkerUnion(marker1.name, result_constraint)
    elif isinstance(result_constraint, MultiConstraint) and all(
        c.operator in ({"==", "!="} if marker1.name == "extra" else {"!="})
        for c in result_constraint.constraints
    ):
        result_marker = AtomicMultiMarker(marker1.name, result_constraint)
    elif marker1.name == "python_version":
        from poetry.core.packages.utils.utils import get_python_constraint_from_marker

        if isinstance(result_constraint, VersionRange) and merge_class == MultiMarker:
            if result_constraint.min:
                # Convert 'python_version >= "3.8" and python_version < "3.9"'
                # to 'python_version == "3.8"'.
                candidate = parse_marker(f'{marker1.name} == "{result_constraint.min}"')
                if get_python_constraint_from_marker(candidate) == result_constraint:
                    result_marker = candidate
            if result_marker is None:
                # Detect 'python_version > "3.8" and python_version < "3.9"' as empty.
                result_constraint = get_python_constraint_from_marker(
                    marker1
                ).intersect(get_python_constraint_from_marker(marker2))
                if result_constraint.is_empty():
                    result_marker = EmptyMarker()

        elif isinstance(result_constraint, VersionUnion) and merge_class == MarkerUnion:
            result_constraint = get_python_constraint_from_marker(marker1).union(
                get_python_constraint_from_marker(marker2)
            )
            if result_constraint.is_any():
                # Convert 'python_version <= "3.8" or python_version >= "3.9"' to "any".
                result_marker = AnyMarker()
            elif result_constraint.is_simple():
                # Convert 'python_version == "3.8" or python_version >= "3.9"'
                # to 'python_version >= "3.8"'.
                result_marker = SingleMarker(marker1.name, result_constraint)
            elif isinstance(result_constraint, VersionRange):
                # Convert 'python_version' == "3.8" or python_version == "3.9"'
                # to 'python_version >= "3.8" and python_version < "3.10"'.
                # Although both markers have the same complexity, the latter behaves
                # better if it is merged with 'python_version == "3.10' in a next step
                # for example.
                result_marker = MultiMarker(
                    SingleMarker(
                        marker1.name,
                        VersionRange(
                            min=result_constraint.min,
                            include_min=result_constraint.include_min,
                        ),
                    ),
                    SingleMarker(
                        marker1.name,
                        VersionRange(
                            max=result_constraint.max,
                            include_max=result_constraint.include_max,
                        ),
                    ),
                )

    return result_marker


def _merge_python_version_single_markers(
    marker1: SingleMarker,
    marker2: SingleMarker,
    merge_class: type[MultiMarker | MarkerUnion],
) -> BaseMarker | None:
    from poetry.core.packages.utils.utils import get_python_constraint_from_marker

    if marker1.name == "python_version":
        version_marker = marker1
        full_version_marker = marker2
    else:
        version_marker = marker2
        full_version_marker = marker1

    normalized_constraint = get_python_constraint_from_marker(version_marker)
    normalized_marker = SingleMarker("python_full_version", normalized_constraint)
    merged_marker = _merge_single_markers(
        normalized_marker, full_version_marker, merge_class
    )
    if merged_marker == normalized_marker:
        # prefer original marker to avoid unnecessary changes
        return version_marker
    if merged_marker and isinstance(merged_marker, SingleMarker):
        # We have to fix markers like 'python_full_version == "3.6"'
        # to receive 'python_full_version == "3.6.0"'.
        # It seems a bit hacky to convert to string and back to marker,
        # but it's probably much simpler than to consider the different constraint
        # classes (mostly VersonRangeConstraint, but VersionUnion for "!=") and
        # since this conversion is only required for python_full_version markers
        # it may be sufficient to handle it here.
        marker_string = str(merged_marker)
        precision = marker_string.count(".") + 1
        target_precision = 3
        if precision < target_precision:
            if merged_marker.operator in {"<", ">="}:
                target_precision = 2
                marker_string = marker_string.replace(
                    "python_full_version", "python_version"
                )
            marker_string = (
                marker_string[:-1] + ".0" * (target_precision - precision) + '"'
            )
        elif (
            precision == target_precision
            and merged_marker.operator in {"<", ">="}
            and marker_string[:-1].endswith(".0")
        ):
            marker_string = marker_string.replace(
                "python_full_version", "python_version"
            )
            marker_string = marker_string[:-3] + '"'  # drop trailing ".0"
        merged_marker = parse_marker(marker_string)
    return merged_marker
